Pope-elect Stephen
Pope-elect Stephen | |
|---|---|
| Bishop-elect of Rome | |
 Imaginary and anachronistic portrait of Stephen | |
| Native name | Stephanus |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Province | Rome |
| Diocese | Rome (elect) |
| See | Holy See (elect) |
| Appointed | 22 March 752 |
| In office | 22 March 752 – 25 March 752 |
| Predecessor | Zachary |
| Successor | Stephen II (as Pope) Celestine II (as Pope-elect) |
| Previous post(s) | Cardinal-priest of San Crisogono (745–752) |
| Orders | |
| Created cardinal | 745 by Zachary |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 7th or 8th century |
| Died | 25 March 752 Rome, Kingdom of the Lombards |
| Buried | Old St. Peter's Basilica, Rome |
| Nationality | Roman |
| Denomination | Catholicism |
| Residence | Apostolic Palace of the Lateran (as Pope-elect) |
| Occupation | Cardinal-priest |
| Profession | Presbyter |
| Other popes named Stephen | |
Pope-elect Stephen (Latin: Stephanus; 7th or 8th century — 25 March 752), before 1961 previously known as Pope Stephen II, was a Roman cardinal-priest and presbyter selected on 22 March 752 to succeed Pope Zachary. Because he died before his episcopal consecration, Stephen is merely considered a pope-elect rather than a legitimate pope.
He is one of two 'popes-elect' of the Catholic Church, the other being Celestine II.
Life
[edit]Although not much is known surrounding his life, Stephen was born in Rome (then part of the Exarchate of Ravenna) in the Byzantine Empire, and was baptised into the state religion of Christianity. Later in life, he was ordained as a priest, serving as a presbyter.
In 745, Stephen was made a cardinal-priest by Pope Zachary, one of the twenty-two cardinals he created. His titular church was San Crisogono, where he would serve until 752.
Election to the Papacy and death
[edit]Zachary died around 15 March 752 (aside from this, he may have died on either on the 12th or 14th of that month). Following his funeral, on the night of 22 March, Stephen was unanimously selected to become the new pope, settling into the Lateran Palace in Rome (now in the Kingdom of the Lombards). However, he reportedly felt unwell the day later. He was not legally Bishop of Rome, owing to the canon law of the time, which stated that a pope's pontificate started upon his consecration.[1]
While ordering household chores from family members, Stephen suffered a stroke on 25 March. He would succumb to the effects of the stroke the following day, still at the Lateran Palace, on 26 March; thus, Stephen died before his official consecration as Bishop of Rome and coronation.[2][3] He would be succeeded by Stephen II the next day, who would reign until 757.
Stephen was buried in the atrium of the Old St. Peter's Basilica; however, his tomb was destroyed and subsequently lost during its demolition.
Legacy
[edit]Due to his extraordinarily brief tenure (which did not even legally begin), Stephen did not personally have any palpable impact on the Catholic Church. If he is counted a pope, then he carries the shortest term of any pope in history.
Cardinal Teobaldo Boccapecci was elected Pope in 1124, taking the name Celestine II; however, he resigned before his consecration due to political infighting and to prevent a schism. He is often acknowledged as 'Pope-elect Celestine II'.
Later canon law considered that a man became pope the moment he accepted his election, and Pope-elect Stephen was then anachronistically called Pope Stephen II. The pope currently acknowledged as Pope Stephen II was, in turn, called Pope Stephen III, with all subsequent popes by this name ascending in number.[4]
His name was removed from the list of popes in the Annuario Pontificio in 1961. He was originally included in the Annuario from the sixteenth century onwards.[5] Despite the Catholic Church omitting him from this list, he is often acknowledged by modern historians as a pope.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Annuario Pontificio 2012 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2012 ISBN 978-88-209-8722-0), p. 11*
- ^ "Horace Mann, "Pope Stephen II" in Catholic Encyclopedia (New York 2013)".
- ^ History's great untold stories: larger than life characters & dramatic ... By Joseph Cummins. National Geographic Books. p. 13.
- ^ For example, see Rev. Joseph Deharbe, S.J., A Full Catechism of the Catholic Religion (translated by Rev. John Fander; 1863), p. 60-61.
- ^ Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes (Harper Collins 2013 ISBN 978-0-06228834-9), p. 121
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